Stem cell transplantation into mouse cochlea may ... - Health.am

? Ear / Nose / Throat ? Jun 27, 2012

Researchers in Japan who evaluated the risks and efficacy of transplanting two varieties of stem cells into mouse cochlea have concluded that both adult-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells demonstrate similar survival and neural differentiation capabilities. However, there is a risk of tumor growth associated with transplanting iPS cells into mouse cochleae. Given the potential for tumorigenesis, they concluded that the source of iPS cells is a critical issue for iPS cell-based therapy.

Their study is published in a recent issue of Cell Transplantation (21:4), now freely available on-line at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/ct/,

?Hearing loss affects millions of people worldwide,? said Dr. Takayuki Nakagawa of the Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan. ?Recent studies have indicated the potential of stem-cell based approaches for the regeneration of hair cells and associated auditory primary neurons. These structures are essential for hearing and defects result in profound hearing loss and deafness.?

The authors noted that embryonic stem cells have previously been identified as promising candidates for transplantation, however they have also been associated with immune rejection and ethics issues. Consequently, this study compared the survival and neural differentiation capabilities of ES and three clones of mouse iPS cells.?

"Our study examined using induced pluripotent stem cells generated from the patient source to determine if they offer a promising alternative to ES cells,? explained Dr. Nakagawa. ?In addition, the potential for tumor risk from iPS cells needed clarification.?

Four weeks after transplantation, the researchers found that the majority of cochleae that had been transplanted exhibited the settlement of iPS or ES-derived neurons. However, there was a difference in the number of cells present based on cell lines. They noted that the number of cells able to be transplanted into cochleae is limited because of the cochleae?s tiny size. Thus, the number of settled cells is low.

They also noted the formation of a teratoma (encapsulated tumor) in some cochlea after transplantation with one group of iPS cells.

?To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of teratoma formation in cochleae after cell transplantation,? said Dr. Nakagawa.

The researchers concluded that the teratoma formation in one iPS cell line indicated the necessity for selecting appropriate iPS cell lines for avoiding tumorigenesis. They also noted the need for developing methods to eliminate undifferentiated cells after neural induction in order to establish safe iPS-based therapy for the inner ear.

?While this study did not look at the ability of the transplanted cells to repair hearing loss, it does provide insight into the survival and fate of transplanted cells. It highlights the importance of factors such as knowing the original source of the cells and their degree of undifferentiation to enable the cells to be ranked in order of their likelihood of forming tumors? said Dr. John Sladek, professor of neurology and pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.

###

Contact: Takayuki Nakagawa, MD, PhD, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho 54, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
Tel. +81-75-751-3346
Fax. +81-75-751-7225
Email

Citation: Nishimura, K.; Nakagawa, T.; Sakamoto, T.; Ito, J. Fates of murine pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors following transplantation into mouse cochleae. Cell Transplant. 21(4):763-771; 2012.

The Coeditor-in-chief?s for CELL TRANSPLANTATION are at the Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, TaiChung, Taiwan. Contact, Camillo Ricordi, MD at or Shinn-Zong Lin, MD, PhD at or David Eve, PhD at

###

David Eve
Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair

Provided by ArmMed Media

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Biological and Pharmaceutical Complex Fluids Conference

Public release date: 27-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Kevin Korpics
kevin@engconfintl.org
Engineering Conferences International

An ECI conference

Conference Goals

The characterization of biological complex fluids such as proteins, DNA etc. is emerging as a rapidly evolving field. Understanding and establishing the structure-property relationships in such systems and understanding interactions in complex biopharmaceutical formulations is key to designing novel drug delivery mechanisms and new therapeutic solutions. However, most of these systems have their unique characterization challenges such as, small sample volumes, high sensitivity to any applied shear, external conditions etc. Also it is of primary importance to characterize the microstructure and interactions either in-vivo or in environments that very closely mimic the biological environment of interest. The need to characterize such complex fluids/soft matter systems also extends to other industrial sectors such as foods and personal care and some of the characterization challenges and limitations of current techniques remain quite similar across biopharmaceuticals, foods & personal care industries.

These challenges have led to a number of different developments in novel characterization techniques, ranging from particle tracking microrheology to microfluidics and MEMS-based techniques. A key challenge in proper application/refinement of these devices and the development of new ones lies in the ability to adequately understand the requirements from an industrial application perspective and ensure that the generated insights directly impact on the fundamental understanding required for generation of design rules for product & process design (therapeutic protein solutions, food systems etc).

This meeting, the first of its kind, will focus on bringing together a wide range of multi-disciplinary groups from academia and industry with a view to discussing key challenges, recent developments, and future trends in characterization of biological complex fluids. Some of the key areas of focus for the meeting will be novel characterization techniques focused on characterization of :

• Proteins
• Biological Polyelectrolytes
• Complex Bio-Pharmaceutical Formulations
• Microbial Communities and Biofilms
• Membranes
• Cellular Biophysics and Multicellular Dynamics

In addition, there will be an industry-focused session on: Industrial Challenges for Protein-based Formulations.

Conference Chair: Samiul Amin, Yet2.com Europe Ltd., UK (Email:samin@yet2.com)

Conference Co-Chair: Prof. Michael Solomon, University of Michigan, USA (Email: mjsolo@umich.edu)

Conference Scientific Steering Committee

Prof. Dave Weitz, Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics, Harvard University, USA
Prof. Gareth McKinley, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Prof. Christoph F. Schmidt, Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Georg August University, Germany
Prof. Jan Dhont, Head at IFF-Institute, Soft Condensed Matter, Germany
Dr. Jai A. Pathak, MedImmune, USA
Prof. Dganit Danino, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Isreal
Dr. Patrick T. Spicer, Complex Fluid Microstructures, Procter and Gamble Co., USA

Conference Venue

Tomar, Portugal
Situated in the geographic center of Portugal, Tomar (about 135 km northeast of Lisbon) was founded by the notorious Knights Templar in 1160. The Templars were part monks, part warriors and plotted crusades from Tomar for centuries. They established the beginnings of the Convento de Cristo, Tomar's most famous landmark, on a hill overlooking town. The Convento combines architectural styles from the 12th through 17th centuries. An ornate octagonal canopy protects the high altar of the Templo dos Templares, modeled after the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and the grounds of the convent contain eight cloisters embracing a variety of styles.

The Templars earned a reputation as ferocious fighters, and won the admiration and trust of both rich and poor. They served as protectors and transporters of Christian kings, power brokers and pilgrims and grew famous as bankers. The Templars acquired great wealth, but made many enemies in the process. Pope Clement V accepted accusations of heresy, blasphemy and sacrilege leveled against the Templars by Philip the Fair, king of France, and many Templars were imprisoned or executed. King Dinis of Portugal allowed them to regroup their forces under the new aegis of the Order of Christ. Prince Henry the Navigator became Administrator after the Templars became the Order of Christ and he used much their wealth to finance his explorations.

Tomar is divided by the River Nabo, the banks of which are dotted with weirs and wheels once used to water vegetable gardens and orchards. The irrigation techniques illustrate the Muslim tradition of hydraulic engineering. Most sights, accommodations and shops lie on the west bank of the river and the lush Parque Moucho straddles the two banks. The ancient yet functional Ponte Velha (Old Bridge) connects the two. Tomar's main shopping thoroughfare is rua Serpa Pinto, known locally as Corre Doura. Outlets for folklore, pottery, copperware and wrought iron highlight it. Tascas and bars are scattered throughout the city, with some offering live music.

###

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 27-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Kevin Korpics
kevin@engconfintl.org
Engineering Conferences International

An ECI conference

Conference Goals

The characterization of biological complex fluids such as proteins, DNA etc. is emerging as a rapidly evolving field. Understanding and establishing the structure-property relationships in such systems and understanding interactions in complex biopharmaceutical formulations is key to designing novel drug delivery mechanisms and new therapeutic solutions. However, most of these systems have their unique characterization challenges such as, small sample volumes, high sensitivity to any applied shear, external conditions etc. Also it is of primary importance to characterize the microstructure and interactions either in-vivo or in environments that very closely mimic the biological environment of interest. The need to characterize such complex fluids/soft matter systems also extends to other industrial sectors such as foods and personal care and some of the characterization challenges and limitations of current techniques remain quite similar across biopharmaceuticals, foods & personal care industries.

These challenges have led to a number of different developments in novel characterization techniques, ranging from particle tracking microrheology to microfluidics and MEMS-based techniques. A key challenge in proper application/refinement of these devices and the development of new ones lies in the ability to adequately understand the requirements from an industrial application perspective and ensure that the generated insights directly impact on the fundamental understanding required for generation of design rules for product & process design (therapeutic protein solutions, food systems etc).

This meeting, the first of its kind, will focus on bringing together a wide range of multi-disciplinary groups from academia and industry with a view to discussing key challenges, recent developments, and future trends in characterization of biological complex fluids. Some of the key areas of focus for the meeting will be novel characterization techniques focused on characterization of :

• Proteins
• Biological Polyelectrolytes
• Complex Bio-Pharmaceutical Formulations
• Microbial Communities and Biofilms
• Membranes
• Cellular Biophysics and Multicellular Dynamics

In addition, there will be an industry-focused session on: Industrial Challenges for Protein-based Formulations.

Conference Chair: Samiul Amin, Yet2.com Europe Ltd., UK (Email:samin@yet2.com)

Conference Co-Chair: Prof. Michael Solomon, University of Michigan, USA (Email: mjsolo@umich.edu)

Conference Scientific Steering Committee

Prof. Dave Weitz, Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics, Harvard University, USA
Prof. Gareth McKinley, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Prof. Christoph F. Schmidt, Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Georg August University, Germany
Prof. Jan Dhont, Head at IFF-Institute, Soft Condensed Matter, Germany
Dr. Jai A. Pathak, MedImmune, USA
Prof. Dganit Danino, Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Isreal
Dr. Patrick T. Spicer, Complex Fluid Microstructures, Procter and Gamble Co., USA

Conference Venue

Tomar, Portugal
Situated in the geographic center of Portugal, Tomar (about 135 km northeast of Lisbon) was founded by the notorious Knights Templar in 1160. The Templars were part monks, part warriors and plotted crusades from Tomar for centuries. They established the beginnings of the Convento de Cristo, Tomar's most famous landmark, on a hill overlooking town. The Convento combines architectural styles from the 12th through 17th centuries. An ornate octagonal canopy protects the high altar of the Templo dos Templares, modeled after the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and the grounds of the convent contain eight cloisters embracing a variety of styles.

The Templars earned a reputation as ferocious fighters, and won the admiration and trust of both rich and poor. They served as protectors and transporters of Christian kings, power brokers and pilgrims and grew famous as bankers. The Templars acquired great wealth, but made many enemies in the process. Pope Clement V accepted accusations of heresy, blasphemy and sacrilege leveled against the Templars by Philip the Fair, king of France, and many Templars were imprisoned or executed. King Dinis of Portugal allowed them to regroup their forces under the new aegis of the Order of Christ. Prince Henry the Navigator became Administrator after the Templars became the Order of Christ and he used much their wealth to finance his explorations.

Tomar is divided by the River Nabo, the banks of which are dotted with weirs and wheels once used to water vegetable gardens and orchards. The irrigation techniques illustrate the Muslim tradition of hydraulic engineering. Most sights, accommodations and shops lie on the west bank of the river and the lush Parque Moucho straddles the two banks. The ancient yet functional Ponte Velha (Old Bridge) connects the two. Tomar's main shopping thoroughfare is rua Serpa Pinto, known locally as Corre Doura. Outlets for folklore, pottery, copperware and wrought iron highlight it. Tascas and bars are scattered throughout the city, with some offering live music.

###

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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User:KaylynLynn280 - BiologiGaragen Wiki

From BiologiGaragen Wiki

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Blue Jays power past Red Sox

Associated Press Sports

updated 12:13 a.m. ET June 26, 2012

BOSTON (AP) - Take them out of Toronto and the Blue Jays hit plenty of long balls.

Jose Bautista, Colby Rasmus and J.P. Arencibia hit two-run homers Monday night to lead the Blue Jays to a 9-6 victory over Boston despite two home runs by David Ortiz that tied him for the most multihomer games in Red Sox history.

It was the fourth win in six games for Toronto, which overcame two errors and blew an early four-run lead.

"The top of our order has been swinging good of late," Blue Jays manager John Farrell said. "The way Jose, Edwin (Encarnacion) and Rasmus have been going. ... They're swinging the bats well for us."

The Blue Jays are tied with the Yankees for the major league lead with 54 road homers and they have come in 39 games away from Rogers Centre.

They needed all of them Monday because of Ortiz's power display.

Ortiz hit a two-run homer and a solo shot, his 37th multihomer game for the Red Sox, tying Ted Williams for the club record. He has 398 career homers that ties Dale Murphy for 51st all-time.

"I can't tell you what to attribute it to," Boston manager Bobby Valentine said of the 36-year-old Ortiz continuing to swing a hot bat. "His batting practice every day is stellar, his games have been consistently terrific. The only time he got outside of himself was a couple of days ago. Then he got the off day (Sunday) and he came back with a vengeance tonight."

It's his 11th straight season with 20 or more homers.

Henderson Alvarez (4-6) pitched five innings then left with right elbow soreness. He allowed five runs - three earned - and six hits to snap a four-game losing streak. The Blue Jays had lost his last seven starts.

"When he went out for the sixth inning he had trouble getting loose," Farrell said. "It was a precautionary thing. We'll get him an MRI tomorrow. We don't anticipate (him missing a start), but we're going to take every precautionary measure."

Casey Janssen worked the ninth for his eighth save, striking out the only three batters he faced.

Boston's Felix Doubront (8-4) gave up seven runs - five earned - and 11 hits in six innings.

Boston lost for just the third time in its last 12 in a game delayed by rain for 1 hour, 56 minutes.

With the score tied 5-5 in the sixth, Ben Francisco had a two-out double off the wall in center field over Ryan Kalish's leap and Arencibia homered off a sign over the Green Monster seats.

Bautista's homer, his 24th, off reliever Matt Albers made it 9-5 in the seventh. The Blue Jays had a runner on first with two outs when heavy rain accompanied by lightning and thunder delayed the game.

After play resumed, Blue Jays first baseman Encarnacion and Bautista both made diving plays on balls.

The Blue Jays took advantage of third baseman Will Middlebrooks' fielding error to score two unearned runs in a four-run first. Brett Lawrie opened the game with a single before Rasmus hit a homer that hooked around the right-field foul pole, his 14th, to make it 2-0. Bautista reached on the error and scored on Encarnacion's double. Rajai Davis hustled down the line for a run-scoring fielder's choice.

Rasmus' homer hit the top of the short wall and bounced over.

"I knew I barreled it up," he said. "Once it hit the top, I knew it was gone."

Boston cut it to 4-2 in the bottom on the inning on Ortiz's homer that snapped an 0-for-11 stretch. His second homer made it 9-6 in the eighth.

"It's unbelievable," Middlebrooks said of Ortiz. "I thought the guy hits everything hard."

Rasmus' RBI single made it 5-2 in the fifth.

In the third, the Blue Jays made two errors - one by shortstop Yunel Escobar and the other by second baseman Kelly Johnson - which led to both runs. Johnson booted Jarrod Saltalamacchia's two-out grounder, allowing Dustin Pedroia to score from third, before Adrian Gonzalez followed with an RBI single.

Kalish's RBI single tied it in the fourth.

NOTES: Middlebrooks was named the AL's Player of the Week on Monday. "It's a nice bonus," Valentine said. "He had a great week." Outfielder Cody Ross joked, "he stole it from me. I made a good push, though." Ross had two homers and five RBIs in Boston's win Sunday. ... Blue Jays 1B Adam Lind was called up from Triple-A Las Vegas on Sunday. "It was in an environment that allowed him to relax and get back to the type of player he was in Toronto," Farrell said. "His performance has forced the decision to get him back here to get a productive left-handed hitter back in the lineup. He just felt like his body was more loose and he had increased range at first base." ... Valentine said RHP Josh Beckett, on the 15-day DL with shoulder inflammation, may pitch Friday in Seattle. He's eligible to come off the DL Thursday.

? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Twins spoil Youkilis' debut with White Sox

Francisco Liriano spoiled Kevin Youkilis' first game with Chicago, throwing a season-high seven innings to lead the Minnesota Twins to a 4-1 victory over the White Sox on Monday night.

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Turkey jet crisis unlikely to pull NATO into Syria

In this photo released by the Turkish Presidency Press Office, Turkish President Abdullah Gul, right, shakes hands with Gen. Mehmet Erten, Commander of the Turkish Air Force, in Istanbul Turkey, Monday, June 25, 2012. Upon Turkey's request, NATO will hold a meeting Tuesday in Brussels over article 4 of its charter concerning Friday's incident, when a Turkish warplane was shot down by Syria. (AP Photo/Mustafa Oztartan, Turkish Presidency Press Office, HO)

In this photo released by the Turkish Presidency Press Office, Turkish President Abdullah Gul, right, shakes hands with Gen. Mehmet Erten, Commander of the Turkish Air Force, in Istanbul Turkey, Monday, June 25, 2012. Upon Turkey's request, NATO will hold a meeting Tuesday in Brussels over article 4 of its charter concerning Friday's incident, when a Turkish warplane was shot down by Syria. (AP Photo/Mustafa Oztartan, Turkish Presidency Press Office, HO)

BRUSSELS (AP) ? Syria's downing of a Turkish military jet has the feel of a turning point that could drag Western powers into a conflict that is spiraling out of control.

Turkey said Monday it would push NATO to consider Syria's downing of the RF-4E reconnaissance jet as an attack on the whole military alliance, and added that Syria also had shot at a Turkish search-and-rescue plane shortly after the jet was downed Friday. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has vowed to hold Syria to account, while Britain's foreign minister said Damascus won't be allowed to act with impunity.

But for all the hard talk, the prospect of Western military intervention in Syria remains remote, at best.

For one thing, military action is unlikely to get the support of either the U.N. Security Council or the Arab League, and outside intervention without the blessing of both of those bodies is all but unthinkable. And there is little appetite among the 28 NATO countries ? of which the U.S. is the largest ? for another war in the Middle East.

Libya was hard enough, and for a many nervous months it looked as if that conflict might end in an embarrassing stalemate for the West. And Syria would be tougher than Libya. Syrian President Bashar Assad's army is better equipped, better trained, better paid and far more loyal than was that of late Libyan leader Moammar Gaddhafi.

So for the moment, despite the increasing violence and the staggering number of deaths, action by the international community seems to be limited to sanctions and strong words.

And so it was on Monday, when foreign ministers from the 27 European Union countries condemned Syria's downing Friday of a Turkish jet, but said the bloc would not support military action in the troubled country.

"What happened is to be considered very seriously," said Dutch Foreign Minister Uri Rosenthal. Having gotten his denunciation out of the way, he let the other shoe drop: "We do not go for any interventions."

Turkish officials have acknowledged that the jet mistakenly strayed into Syrian airspace, but was warned to leave by Turkish authorities and was a mile (1.6 kilometers) inside international airspace when Syria shot it down. The Turkish pilots are still missing.

Turkey initially called a meeting of the North Atlantic Council, NATO's governing body, on Tuesday to discuss the incident under Article 4 of NATO's founding treaty, which allows a NATO ally to request such a consultation if it feels its territorial integrity or security has been threatened.

Late on Monday, Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Bulent Arinc said Ankara "has made necessary applications regarding Article 4 and Article 5." Article 5 states that an attack against one NATO member shall be considered an attack against all members.

Arinc also said for the first time that Syrian forces opened ground fire on a CASA search and rescue plane shortly after the downing, but did not say if that plane was hit.

An alliance diplomat said ambassadors will discuss Turkey's concerns ? and would likely condemn the downing.

"But there won't be anything more specific than that," said the diplomat, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of standing rules.

Turkey has been one of the fiercest critics of Assad's crackdown. But until now, it has had no wish to inflame already-heightened tensions.

A Turkish government official said the government was trying to ratchet up diplomatic pressure on Syria, where activists say more than 14,000 people have been killed in the 15-month uprising. He said the country was still working out what steps to take ? though they would not include military intervention.

"We are not talking about war, but we will keep the pressure on Syria and give it no chance to catch its breath," said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity in line with government rules.

Mustafa Kibaroglu, a professor of international relations at Istanbul's Okan University, said that by calling Tuesday's emergency meeting, Turkey was trying to show Syria that it has the full support of NATO and the European Union.

But he dismissed the possibility the alliance would activate Article 5, despite Turkey's requests.

"Unless there is another ... act of provocation (from Syria), there will be no activation of Article 5," Kibaroglu said.

Syria has said it was unaware that the F-4 Phantom jet belonged to Turkey, and that it was protecting its air space against an unknown intruder. In the past, Israeli warplanes have penetrated Syrian airspace by flying over the Mediterranean coastline.

Syrian foreign ministry spokesman Jihad Makdissi said the downing was an accident, caused by the "automatic response" of an officer commanding an anti-aircraft gun. The man saw a jet coming at him at high speed and low altitide and opened fire, Makdissi said.

Analysts said that, although the latest incident will likely be contained, the conflict in Syria is now threatening to draw in other nations.

"Syria's apology will probably quell the immediate outrage," said Barak Seener, a Middle East expert at the Royal United Services Institute, a British military think tank.

"But it's increasingly clear that as the conflict escalates there will be a spillover effect with regional consequences," he said. "While NATO will not get involved yet, this illustrates that international actors will increasingly be sucked into the conflict."

Still, there is a sense of war-weariness in NATO, an aversion to any more involvement in the Middle East after last year's conflict over Libya.

The alliance's primary focus remains the costly war in Afghanistan, where it still has about 130,000 troops, a decade after the ouster of the Taliban regime. Although NATO forces enjoy overwhelming superiority in numbers, firepower and mobility, the guerrillas are showing no sign of giving up.

NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen has repeatedly said that the alliance would need a clear international mandate, and regional support, before it embarked on a mission in Syria.

Last year, NATO launched air attacks on Libyan government targets only after receiving a mandate from the U.N. Security Council, along with backing from the Arab League.

But in Syria's case, the Arab League hasn't been able to agree on the need for military intervention. Even Syria's different opposition groups are riven by divisions over whether outside military intervention would help or hurt. Some in the Syrian opposition argue that it would reduce their country to rubble, leaving them nothing on which to build a new future once Assad was gone.

And Russia and China ? both veto-wielding members of the Security Council ? have consistently shielded Assad's regime from international sanctions over its violent crackdown on protests. Russia also has continued to provide Syria with arms, despite Western calls for a halt in supplies.

Diplomats from Russia and China in the past have called on all sides to refrain from provocative actions that could escalate the conflict. This would likely include reconnaissance flights over the Syrian coastline.

Last week, President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin discussed the Syrian crisis on the sidelines of a Group of 20 economic conference in Mexico.

The meeting ended without apparent agreement on how to end the violence.

___

Fraser reported from Ankara, Turkey. Elizabeth Kennedy in Beirut, Lebanon, also contributed to this report.

Associated Press

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